Participants will be familiar with the operation of the ventilated improved pit latrine vip. An inspection chamber containing a y junction is normally built between the pits and the pan so that the excrete can be channeled into either pit fig. Ventilated improved pit vip latrine during the 1980s the vip latrine was developed in zimbabwe. Costs of inclusive design of school latrines in ethiopia latrine description description of access features total cost of latrine cost of access features % cost of accessibility school a single block vip latrine of 8 cubicles urban completed 2009 access ramps x 2 widened doors x 2 support rails for 2 cubicles raised toilet. In this version the basic requirement is for a brick. Design and construction of household ventilated improved pit. Home resources water and sanitation sanitation a practical guide for building a. The ventilated improved pit latrine vip is a pit latrine with a black pipe vent pipe fitted to the pit and a screen flyscreen at the top outlet of the pipe. This type of latrine is called a ventilated improved pit vip latrine.
The purpose of this manual is to explain how a ventilated improved pit v. Latrine design project this project comes at the end of the course and serves as a final test of partners knowledge and skills to design a latrine. Introduction to low cost sanitation construction manual iv glossary cement a powder made of limestone and clay that is mixed with water, sand and gravel to make concrete. Information on improved latrine options 3 part 1 introduction we all know that having and using a latrine is not only convenient but also can protect and improve the health of our families and communities. Lessons the lessons in this manual were created with lifewaters incountry partners as the audience. Pit latrines simple, vip, dual pit, pour flush susana. Latrine dimensions in nairobi, kenya blue diversion toilet. If you are thinking of making a latrine for a cabin, then youll probably want to use this design.
These should be chosen according to availability and cost of materials, skills available, and soil type. Concrete a strong construction material made of cement, sand and gravel. Consequently, emphasis has been placed on achieving simplicity of design consistent with reliability of operation. Inclusive design of school latrines how much does it cost. This is the option best suited for the lowest income group in a community. Pdf background poor latrine conditions, structure, and design may deter latrine use and provoke reversion to open defecation od. This study was conducted to identify the gaps that exist between ventilated improved pit vip latrine construction practices in cape coast, ghana, and conventional technical guidelines, and to assess how any noncompliance with technical guidelines influences the users perception of odour and fly nuisances. When calculating the dimensions of a hole for a pit latrine, three conditions must be satisfied.
Corrode when something deteriorates due to being in contact with air, water or acid. Introduction to low cost sanitation construction manual 1 1 before you start construction safety it is important to work safely and avoid the potential for injury during latrine construction. Latrine building programs in ethiopia international rescue committee 2016 water, sanitation, and hygiene wash programming covers a large proportion of environmental health activities conducted by the international rescue committee irc. P latrine offers improved sanitation by eliminating. Ventilated improved pit vip latrines the addition of a vent pipe to a simple pit latrine is one way of reducing the nuisance of flies in the cubicle if the cubicle is kept clean and dark. Pdf latrine structure, design, and conditions, and the. These guidelines have been written especially for use in developing countries. Pdf the ventilated improved pit vip latrine has the potential to address the. This technical brief concentrates on the ventilated improved pit latrine construction the vip latrine can be built from different materials. A vent pipe is added which reduces fly nuisances and odour, if the vip is well designed.
Are pit latrines in urban areas of subsaharan africa. Latrine design and construction lifewater international. May 06, 2011 two pilot ecological sanitation ecosan latrine designs were tested on the ground by mit researchers during january 2011. However, as the slab forms a critical part of a sanitary facility for most people living in lowincome countries, the design criteria also need to include issues relating to user.
Part ii detailed design, construction, operation and. Ventilated improved pit vip toilet systems installed in south africa are constructed. Latrine design and construction part 1 humanitarian response. Pdf redesigning the ventilated improved pit latrine for use in built. Ventilated improved pit latrine simon farmer practical. A practical guide for building a simple pit latrine download 5. We list sources of outhouse or latrine books and supplies. Vip refers to the ventilated improved pit toilet system design, which incorporates features to enhance sanitation and health aspects of pit toilets. The ventilated improved pit latrine is an improvement on standard pit latrines that eliminates flies and odour. Use a motorized tanker with latrine with soil, and build latrine using a spade and. The pit design is the same as in the doublepit vip latrine but the two toilets are replaced by a single waterseal pan connected to both pits by pipes. The vip latrine is an improvement over the simple dry pit latrine. Excavation 1 site preparation, trimming and excavation soil trimming up to 600 mm depth m3 16 2 excavation of pit as per dimension up to 5m min m3 80. The design of ventilated improved pit latrines english abstract.
Thousands of new, highquality pictures added every day. If the latrine is well designed then there should be less concern for disease. Information on improved latrine options 7 part 3 what do we mean by latrine. Due to soil infiltration, there is danger of groundwater contamination, especially in densely populated areas. This is particularly important if the latrine is a long way from the house andor if some of the users have difficulty walking. Ventilated improved pit vip toilet systems installed in south africa are constructed according to a wide variety of designs. The presence of a sanitary latrine should promote good hygiene behaviour. It didnt work first time around because my firewall blocked the download. Find latrine stock images in hd and millions of other royaltyfree stock photos, illustrations and vectors in the shutterstock collection. Traditional unventilated pit latrines are a very common. Design and construction of household ventilated improved. The pit should have sufficient storage capacity for all the sludge that will accumulate during its operational life or before its planned emptying. Preparation of standard engineering drawings, specifications and guidelines for ventilated improved pit latrines in south africa. Depending on its design and frequency of use, pit toilets can be used for 10 to 30 years, though many are used for fewer than 5 years before they are full and must be.
A practical guide for building a simple pit latrine crs. Empty using a latrine by hand mechanical means tanker backfill the top of the dig out the contents of the use a simple device e. The design of ventilated improved pit latrines programme. A wide range of latrines are used in households, schools, houses of worship, and other agencies. However, all data available from rural sanitation studies and surveys in. A pit latrine is the most basic form of improved sanitation which is currently used by a number of people around the globe. In spite of the wide spread use, known successes and advantages associated with pit latrines, they have received little attention in form of research and development. December 1, 2004 downloads pdf available on line at. They consist of a hole in the ground, which may be unlined or lined, with a reinforcing material to contain human excreta. The design of ventilated improved pit latrines english. Two pilot ecological sanitation ecosan latrine designs were tested on the ground by mit researchers during january 2011.
The basic concept is the same as a basic dug latrine or raisepit latrine. Lessons, a community visit, construction of latrine components, and a latrine design project work to accomplish this. Consequently, emphasis has been placed on achieving simplicity of design. This guide describes how they work and presents various designs and design details. There are a number of designs to suit different situations but they all work in much the. As a builder, there is no doubt that you may be familiar with most building procedures. If only some designs are effective, this would imply that research using the wrong design would not find any evidence. This report emanates from the water research commission project number k5709 entitled preparation of standard engineering drawings, specifications and guidelines for ventilated improved pit latrines in south africa. Bearing in mind the inaccuracy of the basic design data, however, it is not necessary to carry out a more accurate calculation. Excretarelated diseases are responsible for a large proportion of the morbidity and mortality in developing countries, especially amongst lowincome communities in urban fringe and rural areas, where adequate water supplies and sanitation facilities. This manual is therefore a general guide and gives details only on the main aspects of v. On this page, the words slab and platform will be used interchangeably. The blair vip latrine a builders manual for the upgradeable.
A practical guide for building a simple pit latrine sue. Simple pit latrine ventilated improved pit latrine vip pour flush latrine, twin pit simple, vip and pour flush offset pour flush latrine single or twin composting latrine dehydrating latrine the tables found below can be used to design latrine pits for 2, 5 and 10 year lifetimes. Latrines design is there is a good book or guidelines you can recommend for the design of single and twin pit latrines, ventilated improved pits and fossa alternas. In spite of the wide spread use, known successes and advantages associated with pit latrines, they have received.
Kvip latrine maintenance this illustrated manual offers easy to follow instructions with diagrams on how to use and care for a kumasi ventilated improved pit kvip latrine. Costs of inclusive design of school latrines in ethiopia latrine description description of access features total cost of latrine cost of access features % cost of accessibility school a single block vip latrine of 8 cubicles urban completed 2009 access ramps x 2. Also available casa house plans casita plans special thanks to hector rubio for his service and help in creating these plans. D4072015a post emergency institutional latrine fully lined. Latrines should be simple in design and the construction, operation and maintenance of. Single ventilated improved pit vip sswm find tools for. The ventilated improved pit vip latrine is designed to minimize odors and flies. You will be using sharp tools, lifting heavy objects, working in pits with the risk of collapse, and handling potentially dangerous materials. Latrines should be simple in design and the construction, operation and maintenance of the facility should be easy enough for semiskilled personnel. Public and communal latrines loughborough university.
The design of the vip latrine causes air to flow down into the latrine pit through the latrine squat hole and up out of the ventilation pipe. Technical guide for construction of school sanitation. D4072015a post emergency institutional latrine fully lined desludgable latrine with raised option design and boq unhcr, 2015. The design of a simple latrine slab is a basic structural problem for an engineer. Pit toilets also referred to as latrines are a sanitation technology used for onsite waste management. In this chapter, therefore, levels of service lower than this will not be discussed. Design and construction of public and communal latrines is straightforward operation and maintenance are usually difficult. Dear practical action, thank you for allowing me to download the vip latrine pdf. Furthermore, the reduction of flies can also reduce the transmission of disease. The content on this page has been adapted from tech notes entitled water for the world published by usaid. The present note sets out guidelines for the design of pourflush latrines, based upon tags experience in india, brazil and elsewhere. A practical guide for building a simple pit latrine how to build your latrine and use it hygienically, for the dignity, health, and well being of your family it was designed for use at the individual household level to assist families in west africa who have already decided to build their own latrines. Alatrine is a safe and private place to be used for defecation. This means that each has been scripted as though a field trainer is teaching.
This assessment was done by using semistructured questionnaires. Further details of countryspecific deslgns currently for botswana, tanzania and zimbabwe are given in other technical notes in this series. One possible explanation of this could be the differences in latrines design. The use of ponds is frequently considered for dealing with wastewater in rural areas, and hence their inclusion in this document. The design of ventilated improved pit latrines excretarelated diseases are responsible for a large proportion of the morbidity and mortality in developing countries, especially amongst lowincome communities in urban fringe and rural areas, where adequate water supplies and sanitation facilities. A ventilated improved pit latrine vip with darkened interior for the toilet cubicles, and adequate vent pipe see note below with fly proof. Ventilated improved pit bvip toilet in a single building operation.
Vip ventilated improved pit wash water, sanitation and hygiene. This technical brief describes the construction of a mortared brick design. Inclusive design of school latrines how much does it. Latrines should be hygienic, free from bad smells, inaccessible to flies and other insects, and should not contaminate ground water. They do not have smells when the wind blows over the vent pipe all the bad smeils are removed. Pit toilets latrines global water pathogen project. Ventilated improved pit vip latrines loughborough university. Vip latrines are an improvement to overcome the disadvantages of simple pit latrines, e. The pilot ecosan latrines are cheaper than singlepit ventilatedimprovedpit vip latrines built in northern region, ghana. At the other extreme is the raised, fully hined, emptiable vip latrine, whlch can cost more than twice as much. Ventilated improved pit latrine the ventilated improved pit latrine is an improvement on standard pit. Unhabitatrain2014 vip latrine girls without urinal item description unit quantity unit price kshs. Home resources water and sanitation sanitation a practical guide for building a simple pit latrine. Ventilated improved pit latrines general description 3.
The objective of this project is to provide the time necessary for partners to design a latrine taking into consideration the context of their own communities. The main drivers for design were to eliminate two unpleasant aspects of using onsite sanitation systems, flies and smell. If the soil of the ground is very loose, it is recommended to use a lighter materials for the walls. The distinctive feature that gives the vip latrine its name is the vent pipe installed into the pit, which is used to exhaust the foul odour from the pit and control flies figure 20. The ventilated improved pit vip latrine is an conventional pit. Maintenance guide for outhouses or latrines, this article discusses outhouse or latrine maintenance, odor control, sanitation, safety, and products or alternatives. It is commonly made of concrete and covers the pit of the latrine. So access to the latrine is a major consideration in the location of the latrine which will in turn impact on the design of the latrine pit.
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